ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>Normal activity monitoring methods are mainly useful for relatively healthy and ablebodied people, but are not necessarily appropriate for elderly persons who may have difficulty in walking, or for the frail who may be bedridden. The purpose of this study was to examine 24-hour heart rate recording for the comparison of activity levels in daily life of elderly persons of different ambulatory abilities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-two elderly females (mean, 82.1 years old) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of their ambulatory status, and their 24-hour heart rate recordings were compared with their results of activity assessments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results of activity assessments showed a tendency to decrease as the ambulatory ability of the group decreased. The "total heart beats", calculated as the sum of all heart rates over 24 hours, were almost the same among the four groups, and therefore did not show a similar tendency. However, the "total excess-beats product (TEBP)" correlated with the results of activity assessments. TEBP was calculated as the sum of all differences in beats between each heart rate in 24 hours and the mean heart rate during sleeping at night. Therefore, TEBP may reflect a more active state than the bedridden state.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These results suggest that comparison of activity levels in daily life using 24-hour heart rate recording might be possible by the calculation of TEBP, and that this method might be useful for the comparison of the activity levels of elderly persons of diffent ambulatory abilities.</p>
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Normal activity monitoring methods are mainly useful for relatively healthy and able-bodied people, but are not necessarily appropriate for elderly persons who may have difficulty in walking, or for the frail who may be bedridden. The purpose of this study was to examine 24-hour heart rate recording for the comparison of activity levels in daily life of elderly persons of different ambulatory abilities. Methods: Forty-two elderly females (mean, 82.1 years old) volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were divided into four groups on the basis of their ambulatory status, and their 24-hour heart rate recordings were compared with their results of activity assessments. Results: The results of activity assessments showed a tendency to decrease as the ambulatory ability of the group decreased. The “total heart beats”, calculated as the sum of all heart rates over 24 hours, were almost the same among the four groups, and therefore did not show a similar tendency. However, the “total excess-beats product (TEBP)” correlated with the results of activity assessments. TEBP was calculated as the sum of all differences in beats between each heart rate in 24 hours and the mean heart rate during sleeping at night. Therefore, TEBP may reflect a more active state than the bedridden state. Conclusions: These results suggest that comparison of activity levels in daily life using 24-hour heart rate recording might be possible by the calculation of TEBP, and that this method might be useful for the comparison of the activity levels of elderly persons of diffent ambulatory abilities.
Subject(s)
Heart Rate , AgedABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of mobility and daily activity, in the form of exercise and everyday activities, on the bones of 102 elderly female nursing home residents who had physical disabilities as well as marked postmenopausal bone loss, using calcaneal ultrasound apparatus for bone evaluation.Of the 102 subjects initially measured, 74 (mean age, 83.5±6.55 years; range, 64-99 years) could be measured again approximately one year later. The osteo sono-assessment index (OSI) in this study was determined using an ultrasound bone evaluation device. This device measures the speed of sound (SOS) and transmission index (TI) as ultrasound passes through the calcaneus. The OSI is calculated by computer analysis (OSI=TI×SOS(2)). For mobility, the OSI decreased significantly by an average of 1.8% after 11.8 months in all of the residents who were using a wheelchair (n=41, p<0.01). In contrast, the OSI rose significantly by a mean of 1.9% in the ambulatory group (n=33, p<0.01).The OSI increased significantly in residents who exercised every day, were out of bed for at least seven hours per day, and walked on a regular basis, suggesting that exercise, mainly in the form of walking, may increase the calcaneal OSI.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal effect of mobility and daily activity, in the form of exercise and everyday activities, on the bones of 102 elderly female nursing home residents who had physical disabilities as well as marked postmenopausal bone loss, using calcaneal ultrasound apparatus for bone evaluation. Of the 102 subjects initially measured, 74 (mean age, 83.5±6.55 years; range, 64−99 years) could be measured again approximately one year later. The osteo sono-assessment index (OSI) in this study was determined using an ultrasound bone evaluation device. This device measures the speed of sound (SOS) and transmission index (TI) as ultrasound passes through the calcaneus. The OSI is calculated by computer analysis (OSI=TI×SOS2). For mobility, the OSI decreased significantly by an average of 1.8% after 11.8 months in all of the residents who were using a wheelchair (n=41, p<0.01). In contrast, the OSI rose significantly by a mean of 1.9% in the ambulatory group (n=33, p<0.01). The OSI increased significantly in residents who exercised every day, were out of bed for at least seven hours per day, and walked on a regular basis, suggesting that exercise, mainly in the form of walking, may increase the calcaneal OSI.
Subject(s)
Female , Ultrasonics , Aged , IndexABSTRACT
Life expectancy does not necessarily match quality of life (QOL). A cohort study involving a population of 10,107 in a certain city of Japan was conducted to evaluate active life expectancy (ALE), which has a direct relationship with QOL. The ALE that took functional recovery rates into account was 17.20 and 19.08 years for males and females respectively, at the age of 65. These values increased by 2.98 and 3.87 years for men and women, respectively, compared with when functional recovery rates were not considered. ALE may serve as an indicator for the objective evaluation of various public health services provided by local governments.